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Suppose a team of researchers conducted a prospective cohort study on the effect of physical activity on the 6-month risk of depression. To assess potential effect modification by gender, the researchers estimated the effect of physical activity on depression separately for men and women. In men, the estimated risk difference was -0.11 and the estimated risk ratio was 0.71. In women, the estimated risk difference was -0.07 and the estimated risk ratio was 0.80. Based on these effect estimates the researchers concluded that gender is indeed an effect modifier, so the researchers decided to report the conditional effect estimates in their manuscript.   Please provide an interpretation of the estimated risk ratio of 0.71. Make sure to incorporate the number 0.71 in your interpretation and assume that physical activity was the exposure level of interest and physical inactivity was the comparison level. (max. 4 points)

Smoking during pregnancy is often mentioned as a cause of birth defects, such as cleft lip. However, not all babies born to mothers who smoked during pregnancy develop cleft lip.   Use the sufficient cause framework to explain why not all babies born to mothers who smoked during pregnancy develop cleft lip. Make sure to include the terms component cause and sufficient cause in your answer (max. 6 points).

A team of researchers conducted a prospective cohort study to determine if children who were exposed to secondhand smoke at home are more likely to develop asthma compared to children who were not exposed to secondhand smoke at home. The researchers computed a risk ratio of 1.52 with a standard error of 0.17. As the next step, the researchers want to estimate a 95% confidence interval for the risk ratio using the following formula: ??? ± 1.96 * 0.17.   What value should the researchers use in place of ??? in the formula?

What culture is associated with this weaving?

Which of the following is true about totem poles?

Which Canadian official is associated with the introduction of printmaking in Cape Dorset?

Extra CreditWho is the artist associated with this work, “Ooger Uk Inua(Walrus Spirit)”?

The Seahawks logo was inspired by the following:

The Inuit traditional territory is the Subarctic.

The Southern Style Province/Coast Salish art is the most classical example of the formline style