The Voyager spacecraft has now left the solar system and is…

The Voyager spacecraft has now left the solar system and is in interstellar space. Voyager carries with it a gold (Au) plated record containing some of the “sounds of Earth”. An image on the internet claims to show this actual record being gold plated, see below. I am not 100% sure this plating was performed by electroplating, but it looks like it could well have been. If so, would the record have acted as an anode or as a cathode in the plating process? The relevant chemical half reaction and the image are shown below.  Au+(aq) + 1 e- → Au(s) Gold plating the record that flies on the Voyager probe

The average pH of the ocean is 8.1, it is buffered mainly by…

The average pH of the ocean is 8.1, it is buffered mainly by carbonates formed from atmospheric carbon dioxide. If you were to throw hydrogen cyanide into the ocean (do NOT actually do this!), would the hydrogen cyanide be in its neutral acid form, HCN, or would it be in the deprotonated anion base form, -CN? The pKa of hydrogen cyanide is 9.2. The photograph is of the Barrow offshore wind farm, in the Irish sea, taken by the author.