Imagine that both Vera and Carol are against affirmative act…

Imagine that both Vera and Carol are against affirmative action. Vera is offered $50 to write an essay about the benefits of affirmative action, whereas Carol is offered only $1 to write a similar essay. After writing the essays and receiving their payments, both women are asked to report their attitudes toward affirmative action. Assuming that their attitudes were similarly negative at the outset, which of the following results would you expect?

Consider the following (edited) excerpt from a James Thurber…

Consider the following (edited) excerpt from a James Thurber New Yorker piece: “Suddenly someone began to run. It may be that he had simply remembered … an engagement to meet his wife, for which he was now frightfully late. Whatever it was, he ran east on Broad Street. Somebody else began to run, perhaps a newsboy in high spirits. … Another man broke into a trot. … A loud mumble gradually crystallized into the dread word ‘dam.’ ‘The dam has broke!’ The fear was put into words by a little old lady in an electric car, or by a traffic cop, or by a small boy: Nobody knows who. … Two thousand people were abruptly in full flight.…” This literary excerpt illustrates the phenomenon known as