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A 47-year-old woman with no significant past medical history…

A 47-year-old woman with no significant past medical history, is sent to the Emergency Department for complaints of feeling “weak and dizzy.”  She states that she was feeling well up until about an hour ago, when she began to feel as if she were going to “pass out.” Her husband accompanied her to the hospital and stated that she appeared nervous, confused, and was tremulous. When he asked her what was wrong, she did not seem to understand him. However, she did not appear to have lost consciousness.  Upon arrival in the Emergency Department, she was found on examination to have tachycardia and generalized weakness. She was conscious, but slightly disoriented. She was afebrile. Her laboratory tests were normal with the exception of a blood glucose level of 47 mg/dL. The patient received treatment with 50% dextrose and improved immediately.  Based on this information, what is the most likely cause of this patient’s symptoms?

A 38-year-old man came to the outpatient clinic presenting w…

A 38-year-old man came to the outpatient clinic presenting with fatigue, dry mouth, and passing large amounts of urine. He describes his urine as light in color and non-odorous. On further questioning, he said he had never experienced prior similar symptoms.  He has always been healthy and denies prior hospitalizations.  On recent routine pre-employment screening, serum electrolyte testing revealed that his serum sodium was mildly elevated.  He was advised to have the test repeated in three months.  When he had repeat blood work taken one week ago, there was further increase in the serum sodium level.  Blood glucose level is normal.  DDAVP (desmopressin) injection resulted in decrease in urine volume and increase in urine specific gravity. Based on this information, which of the following conditions is the most likely diagnosis for this patient?