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The PMHNP student knows the patient is anxious and is experiencing a stress response, which includes the symptom of a pounding, fast heart rate. The student knows these symptoms or physiological responses are the result of the ligand _____________ activating the secondary messenger _____________.  

In patients with heart failure, the cardiac glycosides act by ________.

After ovulation, the uterine endometrial cells divide under the influence of estrogen. The WHNP realizes this is an example of what hormonal process?

How long should a patient with acute renal injury, stage IV or V renal disease, or an estimated GFR < 30 withhold taking their Metformin after an IV iodinated contrast study?

A healthcare professional is working with a person who drinks several 6-packs of beer a week. What testing does the professional prioritize ordering on this patient to assess for cellular injury related the his alcohol intake?

The NP student reviews a coronary calcium score in a patient’s chart and notices it is quite high, in the 98th percentile for age and sex. The student realizes this was caused by 

The NNP is concerned their patient is experiencing intestinal ischemia; ischemia results in what cellular change?

An older adult is not recovering well after a hip surgery. The older adult begins to experience a complex clinical syndrome with multi-system inflammation, oxidative stress, malnutrition, decreased physical activity, and muscle apoptosis. These events have been been labeled

The NNP has intubated the patient in respiratory failure. This has resulted in improved oxygenation. Now that the neonate’s oxygen needs have been met, the NNP knows pyruvate will

The PNP asks the parent if there is a carbon monoxide detector in the house. The PNP wants to avoid carbon monoxide exposure as it can be harmful to the whole family because it