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RNA polymerase uses the ___________  of DNA to synthesize RNA.

Which of the following statements correctly describes promoter escape?

The picture above shows a Gram Stain of Escherichia coli, a known Gram negative bacillus-shaped bacterium. What is the most likely reason why some bacteria appear Gram positive and other Gram negative?

What are the two types of genetic material that a phage can potentially inject into the host?

You are tasked with enumerating the microbial load of an unknown sample. You begin your investigation by serially diluting the sample resulting in the following dilutions: 10-2, 10-3, and 10-4. You spread 100µl of each dilution onto a separate nutrient agar plate and incubate for 48 hours. Upon examining the plates for the 10-2 and 10-4 dilutions only. You observe the following results:  10-2: 220 CFU  10-4: 60 CFU  Calculate the viable titer for these two agar plates. Report your final answer in the correct notation and with appropriate units.

Who is considered the “Father of Microbiology”?

4E-BP binds to eIF4E to

A phage is a [phage] that infects [infects] and can be [treatment] when treating humans with [infections] infections.

Describe the proper way to incubate an agar plate and explain why it is necessary to incubate in this manner.

How does true motility differ in appearance from Brownian motion?