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Part 3 Essay Question (40%): Your essay should have an introduction with a clear and specific thesis, a body with evidence, and a conclusion that reinforces your central argument. Select the option you feel the most comfortable with and answer it to the best of your ability. You may find it helpful to write out a brief outline of the essay before you begin writing.Choose ONE (1):What led to the political decline of each of the major Islamic empires? What were the common factors of their decline? What unique challenges did each empire face? Citing evidence, what, in your opinion, was the most impactful factor or factors in the demise of each empire?What were the major imperial challenges of the Ming Dynasty? Ultimately, what factors led to the decline and fall of the Ming Dynasty? What factors led the Manchus to replace the Ming Dynasty with the long-lasting and powerful Qing dynasty?Why do most historians consider Louis XIV to be the model for the absolutist European monarch? How did Louis XIV solidify his absolutist rule and justify his place as an absolutist monarch? What were the limits to his absolutist rule? Describe in detail the role of Versailles in solidifying his position as an absolutist monarch and in displaying the power of the king.

For over a century during the Qing Dynasty, from 1661-1796, China was ruled by three competent and long-lived emperors. The first of these, taking power in 1661, was [BLANK-1]. This emperor was adept at accommodating both Chinese and Manchu elites. He toured Ming-leaning areas, utilized the Chinese language, and incorporated Ming officials into his administration in order to help legitimize the Qing Dynasty.

If a patient had liver disease why would the nurse expect a lower dose of  a benzodiazepine be ordered?

Building upon her grandmother’s knowledge of medicine and with the use of her medical library, [BLANK-1] became a woman doctor in Ming-era China. In addition to treating herself and her family, she treated several dozen female patients, mostly treating them for chronic and reproductive issues. She regularly prescribed herbal remedies and moxibustion (a technique of burning dried artemisia at certain points of the body in hopes of stimulating the circulation of qi). As male physicians were not allowed to touch female patients, and as moxa had to be applied to the body for moxibustion to work, this was a procedure that required a woman doctor. This female physician frequently tabbed negative emotions and overwork as causes for illness, and advised her patients to rest and avoid bottling up their emotions

England gradually developed into a constitutional monarchy, with much of the change occurring in 1688 and 1689, a period of time the English called [BLANK-1]. In 1688, Mary and William of Orange overthrew the unpopular Catholic monarch, King James II, and secured Britain’s future (as well as the British-American colonies) as a predominantly Protestant country. William and Mary’s rise to power was purportedly bloodless, but in reality, it led to riots, unrest, and fighting in England, Ireland, Scotland, and North American cities like Boston and New York. The following year, parliament passed the Bill of Rights of 1689, which granted a number of rights and placed some limitations on the monarchy

[BLANK-1] formed a prominent rice farming business in Japan around the foundation of the Tokugawa Shogunate. He incorporated all of his family members into the business. He was one of the first people to produce the alcoholic beverage, sake, and made a fortune from the product. He reinvested those profits and branched out into other businesses, such as banking. His family continued to dominate each business, and outsiders were not allowed to participate. His example was characteristic of the commercial growth of Japan during this era. Typically, a particular family would receive privileges from the government and would dominate a market and then branch out to other businesses. The commonality of these proto-capitalistic practices contributed to Japan’s early industrialization in relation to the rest of East Asia.

[BLANK-1] spent much of his reign working to modernize Russia along western lines. He sought to extend Russian territory to the Black and Baltic Seas with wars against the Ottoman Empire and Sweden. He toured Western Europe for 18 months attempting to form an anti-Ottoman alliance. His efforts failed, but what he saw in Western Europe reinforced his desire to imitate that region’s political and economic successes. He built Russia’s first naval base, increased service requirements for commoners, altered inheritance laws to conform to unigeniture, and built a western-style capital along the Baltic. He continued his emphasis on westernization by requiring nobles to shave their beards and wear western-style clothing. Nobles were required to attend western-style parties where men and women mixed together and were free to choose their own spouse.

Support for the French Revolution was not uniform; regions in France (particularly in the south and the west) were more traditional, loyal to the Old Regime, and fiercely religious. Unsurprisingly, these regions resisted the radical change brought about by the French Revolution. As the revolutionaries found themselves essentially fighting a civil war while also fighting wars against a number of European powers, their response to these revolting regions turned violent. The greatest example of this violent reaction to counterrevolutionaries was [BLANK-1] where roughly 140,000 Frenchmen were killed and there were mass drownings in Nantes.

During the Ming Dynasty in China, Emperor Chengzu moved the imperial capital from Nanjing to Beijing in the early fifteenth century. There, he constructed an enormous and opulent palace complex known as [BLANK-1]. It had close to 10,000 rooms and was enclosed by walls forty feet high.

One of the results of the Industrial Revolution was increased restrictions placed on workers and state-sponsorship of these restrictions through new legislation. In 1799, the English Parliament passed [BLANK-1]. This legislation outlawed labor unions and the ability of workers to go on strikes. This was a significant victory for British factory owners but a bitter defeat for skilled artisans, who protested the legislation until it was repealed in 1824.