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Legacy industrial and manufacturing systems are often referred to as ________ systems.

________ tunes the weights of inputs to artificial neurons to reduce the magnitude of output errors.

Main memory and disk space are considered as _____ of physical database design.

Risk ________ eliminates a risk by removing exposure to a specific threat (e.g., by eliminating nonessential system features).

Legacy BMSs commonly use standardized practices that are consistent from building to building, allowing system operators to transition easily from one to another.

________ analytics estimates the system trajectory based on the current state, a constructed system model, and past behaviors in comparable situations.

A(n) ________ neural network has one or more intermediate layers that do not have direct external inputs or produce direct external outputs.

________ as a service provides virtual machines, networking, and some forms of block and object storage; users provide the virtual machine images and are responsible for software patching and status monitoring.

2.  (10 points).  Describe how fluorescence polarization (or anisotropy) measurements can be used to measure a macromolecule/ligand interaction. Assume the small molecule ligand can emit fluorescence in this example. a.    (4 points). What property of the light does one take advantage of to assess the binding reaction? Describe how this property leads to the ability to distinguish free from bound ligand. b.    (3 points). What property of the fluorophore should one consider when designing these experiments (and why)? c.    (3 points). In the case that the ligand is not fluorescent, one might chemically attach a fluorophore to the ligand. What would happen to the measured polarization if the fluorophore was linked to the ligand by a relatively long linker compared to very short linker?  

A(n) ________ is software that runs directly on hardware and below standard operating systems, trapping all system calls and access to hardware from virtual machines and mapping them as necessary.