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Which of the following BEST describes postural impairments in idiopathic Parkinson’s Disease?

A patient presents to physical therapy with an unknown diagnosis and concern for potential Parkinson’s Disease. Symptoms began 2 months ago. Upon evaluation, the physical therapist finds the following impairments: 1. Magnetic gait with slow, short and shuffling steps and occasional freezing of gait during turns 2. Cognitive impairment including difficulty dual tasking (unable to recall >1/3 words within 30 seconds while ambulating) 3. Self report of new-onset intermittent urinary incontinence Based on your findings above, which of the following is the MOST likely condition this patient is experiencing?

A patient with idiopathic Parkinson’s Disease presents with short, anteropulsive, rapid steps. This best describes which of the following symptoms?

This patient’s symptom presentation is MOST consistent with which stage on the Hoehn & Yahr Scale?

Which of the following parkinson-plus syndromes has cerebellar, autonomic, and parkinsonian subtypes?

Which of the following BEST describes cogwheel rigidity in idiopathic Parkinson’s disease?

“Slowed movements” BEST describes which of the following symptoms in primary Parkinson’s Disease?

Which of the following is the MOST likely medication this patient is taking to manage his motor symptoms?

Towards the end of their medication dose, a patient with idiopathic Parkinson’s Disease may experience an increase in symptoms known as the “wearing off phenomenon”. Which of the following BEST describes why this occurs?

Which of the following prognostic factors is associated with worse 5-year survival rates in people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis?