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The common ancestor of a clade of hummingbirds had a long, straight bill and most of its descendants share this trait (black circles).  However, two of its descendants possess short, curved bills (white circles).    What kind of trait is indicated by the white circles?

Briefly describe one way in which Deuterostomes and Protostomes differ in their development. (Make sure to specify which trait corresponds with which group).

Problems Prepare the problems below using Excel. Upload the workbook using the link. 1. (18 points) Xavior Sales Corporation, a merchandising company, reported total sales of $2,615,000 for May. Variable selling expenses were $99,400, fixed selling expenses were $53,600, variable administrative expenses were $124,500, and fixed administrative expenses were $138,400. The cost of merchandise purchased during the month was $1,687,500. The beginning balance in the merchandise inventory account was $238,300, and the ending balance was $244,000. In addition to the above costs, sales salaries and commissions were $37,900 plus 8% of sales. Required:  a. Prepare a contribution format income statement for May. b. Prepare a traditional format income statement for May. 2. (6 points) Electrical costs of one of Reifel Corporation’s factories are listed below: Machine- Electrical Hours Cost March 271 $5,786 April 290 $5,889 May 310 $6,054 June 269 $5,746 July 243 $5,497 August 267 $5,698 September 284 $5,811 October 249 $5,538 November 264 $5,662 Management believes that electrical cost is a mixed cost that depends on machine-hours. Required:  a. Estimate the variable cost per machine-hour and the fixed cost per month using the high-low method. Show your work. Round the variable cost per unit to the nearest cent and the fixed cost to the nearest whole dollar. b. Express these costs as a formula in the format y = mx + b. c. Using the formula derived above, estimate the electrical cost when machine-hours in a month are 280. Round to the nearest dollar. Show your work.

At a sales volume of 28,000 units, Thoma Corporation’s sales commissions (a cost that is variable with respect to sales volume) total $358,400. To the nearest whole dollar, what should be the total sales commissions at a sales volume of 27,200 units? (Assume that this sales volume is within the relevant range.)

A partial listing of costs incurred at Backes Corporation during November appears below: Advertising  $    48,800 Utilities, factory  $      4,800 Depreciation of production equipment  $    36,800 Depreciation of administrative equipment  $    24,000 Sales commissions  $    43,200 Direct labor  $    91,200 Factory maintenance  $    20,000 Administrative salaries  $    79,200 Indirect materials  $    33,600 Direct materials  $  125,600 The total of the manufacturing overhead costs listed above for November is:  

Each of the following would be a period cost except:

Prime cost consists of which of the following?

A partial listing of costs incurred at Backes Corporation during November appears below: Direct labor  $  132,240 Indirect materials  $    48,720 Administrative salaries  $  114,840 Sales commissions  $    62,640 Depreciation of administrative equipment  $    34,800 Direct materials  $  182,120 Utilities, factory  $      6,960 Factory maintenance  $    29,000 Advertising  $    70,760 Depreciation of production equipment  $    53,360 The total of the manufacturing overhead costs listed above for November is:

Problems Prepare the problems below using Excel. Upload the workbook using the link. 1. (18 points) Xavior Sales Corporation, a merchandising company, reported total sales of $2,413,000 for May. Variable selling expenses were $104,800, fixed selling expenses were $51,700, variable administrative expenses were $113,700, and fixed administrative expenses were $140,200. The cost of merchandise purchased during the month was $1,549,100. The beginning balance in the merchandise inventory account was $247,100, and the ending balance was $251,400. In addition to the above costs, sales salaries and commissions were $34,800 plus 8% of sales. Required:  a. Prepare a contribution format income statement for May. b. Prepare a traditional format income statement for May. 2. (6 points) Electrical costs of one of Reifel Corporation’s factories are listed below: Machine- Electrical Hours Cost March 288 $5,892 April 290 $5,911 May 273 $5,753 June 254 $5,600 July 305 $6,049 August 284 $5,894 September 259 $5,659 October 309 $6,057 November 275 $5,799 Management believes that electrical cost is a mixed cost that depends on machine-hours. Required:  a. Estimate the variable cost per machine-hour and the fixed cost per month using the high-low method. Show your work. Round the variable cost per unit to the nearest cent and the fixed cost to the nearest whole dollar. b. Express these costs as a formula in the format y = mx + b. c. Using the formula derived above, estimate the electrical cost when machine-hours in a month are 280. Round to the nearest dollar. Show your work.

Problems Prepare the problems below using Excel. Upload the workbook using the link. 1. (18 points) Xavior Sales Corporation, a merchandising company, reported total sales of $2,567,000 for May. Variable selling expenses were $112,700, fixed selling expenses were $51,200, variable administrative expenses were $117,500, and fixed administrative expenses were $134,600. The cost of merchandise purchased during the month was $1,532,300. The beginning balance in the merchandise inventory account was $216,600, and the ending balance was $275,800. In addition to the above costs, sales salaries and commissions were $32,800 plus 3% of sales. Required:  a. Prepare a contribution format income statement for May. b. Prepare a traditional format income statement for May. 2. (6 points) Electrical costs of one of Reifel Corporation’s factories are listed below: Machine- Electrical Hours Cost March 306 $6,056 April 261 $5,639 May 301 $5,990 June 243 $5,511 July 274 $5,776 August 297 $5,990 September 280 $5,811 October 279 $5,795 November 262 $5,690 Management believes that electrical cost is a mixed cost that depends on machine-hours. Required:  a. Estimate the variable cost per machine-hour and the fixed cost per month using the high-low method. Show your work. Round the variable cost per unit to the nearest cent and the fixed cost to the nearest whole dollar. b. Express these costs as a formula in the format y = mx + b. c. Using the formula derived above, estimate the electrical cost when machine-hours in a month are 280. Round to the nearest dollar. Show your work.