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The time when all 4 valves of the heart are closed and ventricular blood volume does not change is called _________________.

Tetanic muscle contractions don’t occur in a normal cardiac muscle because ________. Note: Tetanic muscle contraction is common in skeletal muscle due to the triggering of multiple action potentials at a high frequency.

Cardiac reserve refers to the difference between the rate at which the heart pumps blood and its maximum capacity for pumping blood at any given time.

Due to a plateau in action potential, cardiac muscle cells have _________ than skeletal muscle cells.

The waste product bilirubin is produced from

Hemophilia is due to inherited deficiency of _________.

James thinks he has an abscessed (bacteria infected) tooth. If he does, what type of white blood cell would you expect to see in elevated numbers in a differential count?

The cardiac conduction system includes the followings in sequence:       _______  → _______ → _____  →  right and left branches → _______

The venous blood from GI tract flows into liver through ____________.  

Which of the below factors would INCREASE stroke volume (SV)?