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A nationalist from the Gold Coast named [BLANK-1] led the first successful sub-Saharan African independence movement. Inspired by Marcus Garvey’s Pan-Africanism, this leader pushed for decolonization in the Gold Coast and formed the brand new, independent African nation: Ghana. He became Ghana’s first president and was later involved in the Third World Movement.

[BLANK-1] led the Chinese communists to victory over the Nationalists during the Chinese Civil War, and began ruling communist China in 1949. He adopted soviet-style five-year plans and looked to the USSR as a model early in his rule. However, this Great Leap Forward proved to be an unmitigated disaster (more than 30 million Chinese citizens starved to death). This failure led to a frosty relationship with the Soviet Union and he lost most real power in government, serving only as a figurehead leader. In 1965, during the Great Cultural Revolution, this Chinese leader staged a dramatic comeback, supported by the Red Guards (a group of idealistic youths who enthusiastically supported the leader). He returned to real power and worked to erase all traces of traditional and feudal Chinese culture. He and the Red Guards destroyed monuments, artwork, and books, while purging the Communist Party of officials, intellectuals, and protestors who disagreed with him.

[BLANK-1] in October 1944 was the largest naval engagement in world history. The United States defeated the Japanese Combined Fleet, essentially eliminating all remaining Japanese naval resistance in the Pacific Theater. The removal of the Japanese navy resulting from this encounter allowed the Americans to continue their island-hopping campaign, retake the Philippines, and prepare for an amphibious invasion of the Japanese homeland (which was ultimately rendered unnecessary by the atomic bombs).

Part 3 Essay Question (40%): Your essay should have an introduction with a clear and specific thesis, a body with evidence, and a conclusion that reinforces your central argument. Select the option you feel the most comfortable with and answer it to the best of your ability. You may find it helpful to write out a brief outline of the essay before you begin writing.Choose ONE (1):Trace the various arguments for the outcome of Operation Barbarossa. What led to the defeat of the Nazis in this theater, despite Germany’s Army Center Group advancing to within 10 miles of Moscow? How did the defeat of the Nazis in Operation Barbarossa have a profound effect on the outcome of the war?Describe in detail the Red Scare and the Anti-Communist Crusade in the United States. How did the United States respond to the perceived threat of communism? How did that change American society? What was Mutually-Assured Destruction and how did it relate to concerns about communism? Who were some of the critics of the Red Scare, Anti-Communist Crusade, and Mutually-Assured Destruction? How did those critics convey their messages; what did they consider more dangerous than communism?Chart the events that led to the collapse of communism in Eastern Europe and eventually to the dissolution of the Soviet Union. Where was dissatisfaction with communism the greatest? Why? In what ways did common people contribute to the collapse of communism in Eastern Europe? In what ways did government policy or state action lead to its collapse? What are the major arguments for the fall of communism, and which arguments do you find most compelling? Why?

Until the Moon Shot, the Soviet Union tended to dominate the Americans in the Space Race. A key moment of the space race came when the Soviets launched the first person into space, [BLANK-1], in 1961. Americans were shocked by the Soviet’s milestone and threw their support behind John F. Kennedy’s call to send American astronauts to the moon.

Augusto Pinochet​​Auschwitz-Birkenau​The Battle of Britain​The Battle of Leyte Gulf​The Battle of Midway​The Battle of the Atlantic​Betty Friedan​Blitzkrieg​Daniel Cohn-Bendit​Einsatzgruppen​Enoch Powell​Gamel Abdel Nasser​Ikigai​Imre Nagy​Jacobo Arbenz​Josip Broz Tito​Kwame Nkrumah​Mao Zedong​Margaret Thatcher​Nelson Mandela​Nicolae Ceausescu​The Nuremberg Trials​The Phony War​PRI​The Schengen Agreement​Tank Rider​Twiggy​Willy Brandt​A Woman in Berlin: A Diary​Yuri Gagarin

The turning point in the War in the Pacific came at [BLANK-1] in June of 1942. American forces destroyed four Japanese Aircraft Carriers at a loss of only one American carrier. The conflict left Japan on the defensive for the rest of the war.

Heinrich Himmler and Adolf Hitler orchestrated the Holocaust as the Final Solution to the Jewish Question during World War II. The result was the systematic extermination of between 11-12 million “undesirables.” About half the victims were Jews, however other victims included Soviet POWs, Roma, Jehovah’s Witnesses, the mentally and physically disabled, homosexuals, and other groups. While more than half of these victims were killed in tens of thousands of smaller-scale encounters on the Eastern Front, millions more were killed in industrialized death camps. The most notorious of these Nazi death camps was [BLANK-1] in German-occupied Poland. More than one million (mostly Jewish) victims of the Holocaust were murdered at this camp.

Women’s fashion in the United States and Europe became far less conservative in the late 1960s and 1970s than in previous eras. Sleeveless dresses, high hemlines, miniskirts, and unrestricted materials were common and skinny body types were associated with the standard of beauty in the era. Ultra-thin women like the Dutch-British actress Audrey Hepburn or the British fashion model, [BLANK-1], became well-known fashion- and beauty-icons of the era.

The Paris Student Riots, led by [BLANK-1], was one of the only successful revolutions of 1968. The Parisian students succeeded where others in the United States, Czechoslovakia, Mexico, and other areas did not because they were able to successfully merge their movement with the needs of blue-collar workers. The students were dissatisfied with the current materialistic, consumer society, and they sought changes to their curriculum and better economic prospects after they graduated. This student leader urged his forces to ally with workers and take to the streets in protest. The students were able to sustain their movement and their revolution resulted in the ouster of the elderly conservative French president, Charles de Gaulle.