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A(n) ________ neural network has one or more intermediate layers that do not have direct external inputs or produce direct external outputs.

________ as a service provides virtual machines, networking, and some forms of block and object storage; users provide the virtual machine images and are responsible for software patching and status monitoring.

2.  (10 points).  Describe how fluorescence polarization (or anisotropy) measurements can be used to measure a macromolecule/ligand interaction. Assume the small molecule ligand can emit fluorescence in this example. a.    (4 points). What property of the light does one take advantage of to assess the binding reaction? Describe how this property leads to the ability to distinguish free from bound ligand. b.    (3 points). What property of the fluorophore should one consider when designing these experiments (and why)? c.    (3 points). In the case that the ligand is not fluorescent, one might chemically attach a fluorophore to the ligand. What would happen to the measured polarization if the fluorophore was linked to the ligand by a relatively long linker compared to very short linker?  

A(n) ________ is software that runs directly on hardware and below standard operating systems, trapping all system calls and access to hardware from virtual machines and mapping them as necessary.

Data mining focuses on descriptive analytics, whereas machine learning leans toward predictive analytics.

Software entities that represent and model IoT things are often structured in ways that follow practices and terminology from ________ programming.

Payload data ________ defines formats of requests and responses as they appear in transport.

________ encryption uses different keys for encryption and decryption.

Machine learning algorithm development tends to be performed in the cloud, but algorithm execution may be performed in distributed fashion, including some processing at the edge.

One general design principle for protection mechanisms is to base access decisions on permission of what is allowed rather than exclusion of what is prohibited.