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A 43-year-old male client has presented to the emergency department with complaints of vomiting. The client also states that the emesis has often contained frank blood in the hours prior to admission. His vital signs are stable with temperature 98.3°F (36.8°C), pulse 88, BP 140/87, and respiratory rate 18. He is diagnosed as having acute gastritis.  Which of the following is most likely contributing to this diagnosis?

The nurse practitioner is caring for a female client with cholelithiasis.  When teaching the client about the disease, which of these points is included in the teaching?

While explaining the function of the first mucosal layer of the lower two-thirds (2/3) of the esophagus, the pathophysiology instructor mentions which type of functions? 

Which of the following would be considered a conducting airway?

The health care provider is teaching a patient about risk factors for atherosclerosis.  Which of the following best identifies a modifiable risk factor for atherosclerosis?

Which of the following is not a risk factor for acute pancreatitis? 

Vomiting is a protective mechanism which limits damage from ingested noxious agents or drugs by emptying the stomach contents.  It involves which of the following medullary centers:

After having an echocardiogram your patient has been diagnosed with mitral valve regurgitation.  Which teaching point is the correct explanation of mitral valve regurgitation?

Cholestasis is decreased bile flow through the liver.  This can be caused by which of the following:

A patient has just been told they have an infection of the inner surface of the heart. It was explained to the patient that the bacteria has invaded one of their heart valves. What is the most likely diagnosis?