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Identifications (50 points) Define and state the significance of 4 of the following: Michigan Scale of Ideology Consequences of the Changing Media Voting Turnout in the U.S. Public Opinion Iron Triangle Electoral College

Essay (50 points) Political Parties When George Wallace ran for president in 1968, he argued that “There’s not a dimes worth of difference between the Democratic and Republican parties.  Do you agree or disagree with Wallace’s statement?  Why?  Should there be a large ideological difference between the parties?  How do party systems work in other countries?  Would the United States be better off if it had a different party system?

There are 9 students starting elementary school and their teacher in a classroom. If the mean and median are computed for the ages of these 10 people, then 

Please note that this question consists of five parts. Show all your work/explanation. Just giving the answer without adequate work/explanation may result in zero for the question.  The amount of sugar in 1 kg (1000 g) sugar packets is normally distributed with mean of 1032 g and standard deviation 28 g.  What proportion of sugar packets are underweight (below 1000 g)? What is the proportion of sugar packets whose weight is between 990 g and 1050 g? What weight value divides the 15% heaviest sugar packets from the rest? A random sample of 16 sugar packets is weighed. What is the distribution, mean and the standard deviation of the sampling distribution of the sample mean of weights of these 16 sugar packets? What is the probability that the sample mean of weights of these 16 sugar packets is below 1000 g?

Here is a copy of the Z table  Z table.pdf

Please note that this question consists of five parts. Show all your work/explanation. Just giving the answer without adequate work/explanation may result in zero for the question.  In a large corporation, 22% of sales trainees are rated as excellent. A sample of 8 sales trainees is selected at random. Let X be the number of sales trainees in this sample who are rated as excellent.  What is the distribution of X? Clearly state the parameters of the distribution. Write down the probability mass function f(x) for the distribution of X. That is, write the probability mass function specific for the random variable of interest in this problem, not just the general formula. What is the probability that none in the sampled 8 sales trainees are rated as excellent? What is the probability that two or more sales trainees in this sample are rated as excellent? Would it be unusual if all 8 of sales trainees in this sample are rated as excellent? Show any calculation relevant to your answer.

Here is a copy of the Z table and T table  Z table.pdf T_table.pdf

Please note that this question consists of five parts. Show all your work/explanation. Just giving the answer without adequate work/explanation may result in zero for the question.  An article claimed that 30% of adults use alternative medicine, such as herbal medicines, massage, spiritual healing and acupuncture. To test this, 86 randomly selected adults were asked if they had used at least one alternative medicine therapy during the past year, and 31 of them answered yes.   Set up appropriate null and alternative hypothesis to test if the article’s claim is true. Are the conditions to carry out the above test is satisfied? Show your work for checking the conditions rather simple “yes” or “no” answer. Calculate the test statistic (show the work) Calculate the p value for the test. You may use MINITAB to find the numerical value of the p value for the test. However, you MUST clearly write down the probability statement Write the final conclusion in the context of the problem. Use 5% significance level.

Please note that this question consists of six parts. Show all your work/explanation. Just giving the answer without adequate work/explanation may result in zero for the question.  The battery lifetime of particular type of calculator is supposed to last for 25,000 calculations on average.  A researcher suspect that these batteries are not as good as advertised. For a random sample of 16 batteries for such calculator type, the sample mean was found to be 24,680 calculations and standard deviation 482 calculations. Set up appropriate null and alternative hypotheses for testing the question posed by the researcher. Are the conditions to carry out the above stated test are satisfied? If the conditions are satisfied, explain how they were satisfied for this problem rather than simply giving a “yes” or “no” answer. Calculate the test statistic. Show your calculations. Find the rejection region for the test defined in part 1. Use 5% significance level. It is not sufficient to provide just the critical value. Clearly state the rejection region. Write the final conclusion in the context of the problem. Based on the decision you made in part 5, which error: type I or type II is possible? Explain. 

Here are tables you may need for the exam  Z_T_CHITables.pdf