What is the formula for respiratory flow?   In the scenarios…

What is the formula for respiratory flow?   In the scenarios below, explain exactly how respiratory flow is affected using the above formula. Do not just tell me if it increases or decreases explain the physiology of why it changed. Each answer should contain approximately 4-5 steps that lead to the change. (see example in question 2) Include in your answer if the pathology is obstructive, restrictive or both. 60 year old coal miner complaining of shortness of breath, and difficulty inhaling   8 year old stating that they have difficulty breathing on the play ground   80 year old smoker complains that they are having difficulty exhaling   30 year old choking on food

Explain the steps of the immune response when you are infect…

Explain the steps of the immune response when you are infected with a virus. Start with the innate immune system response then explain how it activates the adaptive response (macrophage to T-helper, Cytotoxic T cells, and B Cells). I’m looking for you to be able to explain how each of these cells in activated and how they respond to clear a viral infection. Write a short paragraph about each cell explaining how it’s activated (include pathogen recognition) and what it’s role is in the immune response (does it direct other cells or how does it attack pathogens).