A 32-year-old man is brought to the emergency department by…

A 32-year-old man is brought to the emergency department by his family due to increasingly erratic behavior over the past week. He has been sleeping less than two hours per night, is excessively talkative, and insists he is starting multiple business ventures despite lacking resources. He became irritable and confrontational when his wife questioned his spending. He attempted to sign over the family home as collateral for a business loan and was nearly arrested after disrupting a city council meeting by shouting. He has no prior psychiatric history. Which feature in this scenario most clearly supports a diagnosis of mania rather than hypomania?

A 6-year-old girl, recently adopted after years in foster ca…

A 6-year-old girl, recently adopted after years in foster care, shows extreme distress when separated from her adoptive mother, clings to her constantly, struggles to interact with peers, and displays aggression despite consistent nurturing care. Which option best describes her behavior?

A 42-year-old patient who has been prescribed lithium for Bi…

A 42-year-old patient who has been prescribed lithium for Bipolar I disorder for the past 9 years calls the clinic to report nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, confusion, and worsening of hand tremor, making it difficult to hold a cup of coffee. Assessing the current status, the provider is most concerned about the following changes since the last appointment

A 39-year old patient is brought to the emergency department…

A 39-year old patient is brought to the emergency department by his wife complaining of blurred vision, severe headache, nausea and vomiting. They had just come from a restaurant where he ordered caviar as an appetizer and then ate some of his favorite foods such as a fresh salad with swiss cheese and hard salami, chicken smothered in Canadian cheddar and he drank a glass of cabernet sauvignon with dinner. His current medications include selegiline (Emsam) 6 mg every morning and Eskalith (lithium) 450 mg BID to treat a mood disorder. The most likely cause of his symptoms is