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Societies with basic technology grow larger than societies with complex technology.

Shepherds in the same area, in the 21st century, wear clothing that differs only slightly from the clothes used by the Austrian Iceman.

Infants found in cardiac arrest are usually in arrest as a result of:A: Massive hemorrhagic complications.B: Improper immobilization techniques.C: Complications from breathing problems.D: An irregular heartbeat like ventricular tachycardia.

During treatment of a 6-month-old in a suspected SIDS case, EMS rescuers quickly recognize the patient outcome will be death.  The infant shows signs of lividity and remains in cardiac arrest after two rounds of emergency resuscitation medication.  Which action would you implement NEXT if you were in charge of this call?A.  Contact medical control for permission to transport to the local emergency department for further treatment.B.  Offer the family the opportunity to witness the resuscitation effort and explain the procedures that are being done.C.  Deliver additional medications classified as possibly helpful and not harmful, like sodium bicarbonate IVP.D.  Continue resuscitation efforts until you have exhausted the prescribed medications indicated for cardiac arrest.

Standard pre-hospital treatment of angina pectoris includes oxygen and which of the following?A: Nitroglycerin, furosemide, and morphineB: Furosemide, aspirin, and lidocaineC: Morphine, naloxone, and furosemideD: Aspirin, nitroglycerin, and morphine

You are evaluating a patient with a possible cardiac problem.  How would you expect this patient to describe his pain if he was experiencing a myocardial infarction?A: “It hurts on the right side of my chest when I cough.”B: “It seems to hurt more when I take a deep breath in.”C: “I feel pressure right under my breastbone.”D: “It is a sharp pain that seems to come and go.”

You are assessing a 65-y/o patient who has had recurrent asthmatic attacks since the age of 12.  The patient has a recent history of a right-sided MI with pedal edema.  Which of the following would be an accurate description of how the asthma might have precipitated the right-sided MI?A: The increase in pulmonary pressure made the right heart work harder than normal.B: The hypoxia caused by the recurrent asthma attacks made the right heart ischemic.C: The retention in CO2 the asthmatic experienced over the years caused an acidosis damaging the heart tissue.D: The repeated use of beta-2 agonists caused positive inotropic and chronotropic demands on the heart without sufficient oxygenation.

During the first minutes of pediatric resuscitation, there should be no debating which treatment standard below?A: Transport should never be initiated until an advance airway is in place.B: Advanced personnel should deliver initial medications down the ETT.C: Accurate, basic life support interventions are essential if any ALS interventions are to be effective.D: ALS skills and procedures take precedence over any basic life support interventions.

Inflammation of certain nerve cells and destruction of the myelin sheath surrounding nerve fibers is the pathophysiology for which of the following degenerative neuromuscular disorders?A:  Parkinson’s diseaseB:  Muscular dystrophyC:  Multiple sclerosisD:  Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Your unit has arrived on the scene of a multiple vehicle collision where several vehicles have rear-ended each other. You are directed by the incident commander to care for a 23-year-old female in the first vehicle. The firefighter on-scene holding manual spinal immobilization indicates that her primary complaint is back pain from her head whipping back and forth from the impact. Your understanding of the anatomy of the spinal column and vertebrae suggests that this type of mechanism of injury results in frequent injuries to which part of the spinal column?