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For O2, there is a gradual downward “_____________” of partial pressures from the normal inspired partial pressure of oxygen (PiO2) of 159 mm Hg to a low point of 40 mm Hg or less in the capillaries.

A mechanism for low blood flow can include? 

Which of the following enzymes in an RBC breaks H2CO3 down to water and carbon dioxide?

Which of the following can prolonged exposure to cold weather lead to?

The ________ innervation of the kidneys reduces urine production, while the function of its ________ innervation is unknown.

Hypernatremia is a plasma ________ concentration above normal.

In which condition are the lungs infected with Mycobacterium and produce fibrous nodules around the bacteria, leading to progressive pulmonary fibrosis?

A clinician is assessing kidney function in an elderly patient using serum creatinine levels.  What challenge is associated with estimating GFR in older adults? 

A patient experiences a stress response, leading to the release of cortisol. How does neural control influence cortisol secretion? 

A patient with renal artery stenosis has elevated blood pressure. How does renal artery stenosis lead to RAAS activation?