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Most of sunspots appear

One of the Ca spectral lines coming from a distant star is red-shifted by 20 nm. This line of Ca when emitted from a stationary source in our lab it is found at 500 nm.

Sun’s energy is mainly

The Hertzsprung-Russell (H-R) diagram is

1.1.6 Social costs consist of the sum of private and …. costs. (2)

QUESTION 2 40 Marks 2.1.1 Name TWO kinds of inefficiencies that can exist in the imperfect market. (2) 2.1.2 Why does the government sometimes set price ceilings for certain products? (2)     [4] 2.2 Study the graph and answer the questions that follow: RIGHT CLICK ON THE BUTTON TO OPEN THE GRAPH IN A NEW TAB:     2.2.1 Mention what the individual firm would be experiencing at each of the price levels from A to D. (4) 2.2.2 Explain the term normal profit. (2) 2.2.3 Explain the shape of the AC-curve.  (4)     [10] 2.3 Study the extract and answer the questions that follow: FAST-FOOD RESTAURANTS IN THE MONOPOLISTIC COMPETITIVE MARKET South Africa’s fast-food market is extremely competitive, as many sellers fight it out for their share of the consumer market. The fast-food industry accounts for about 40% of the total consumer food-service sales in South Africa, e.g. Fishaways selling fish and Steers selling hamburgers. It is regarded as a hybrid market structure. [City Press]    2.3.1 Why does branding play a major role in this market structure? (2) 2.3.2 Why will the economic profit made by a monopolistic competitor disappear in the long run? (4) 2.3.3 Discuss the hybrid market structure in detail. (4)     [10] 2.4 Explain why governments sometimes proceed with a project even if the private costs exceed the private benefits. (8) 2.5 With the aid of a graph, explain why marginal cost must be equal to marginal revenue for profits to be maximised. (8)     [40]

A state health department wants to check for prevalence of tick-borne diseases in the state. They decide to obtain blood tests from a sample of state residents as follows.  There are 100 counties in the state.  They randomly select 15 of these counties, then try to give blood tests to all residents (over the age of 5) of these counties.  This type of sample is referred to as a 

1.1.8 The government can intervene to reduce the production and consumption of a demerit good …. (2)

QUESTION 4 40 Marks 4.1.1 Give any TWO examples of merit goods. (2) 4.1.2 How can the consumer benefit from competition? (2)     [4] 4.2 Study the graph and answer the questions that follow: RIGHT CLICK ON THE BUTTON TO OPEN THE GRAPH IN A NEW TAB:     4.2.1 Which imperfect market structure is illustrated above? (1) 4.2.2 Name the downward-sloping demand curve above. (1) 4.2.3 Discuss two ways in which collusion may take place in this market. (4) 4.2.4 What would the effect be on total revenue if this producer increased his price from R150 to R155? Show ALL calculations. (4)     [10] 4.3 Study the table and answer the questions that follow: COST AND REVENUE TABLE OUTPUT PRICE AR MR TR AC MC TC 1 21 21 21 21 23 24 23 2 18 18 15 36 19 15 38 3 15 15 9 45 15 7 45 4 12 12 3 48 14 A 56 5 9 9 -3 45 15 19 75   4.3.1 What is the effect on total revenue when marginal revenue is positive? (1) 4.3.2 At which output level will the firm achieve profit maximisation? (1) 4.3.3 Briefly explain the term marginal revenue. (2) 4.3.4 Determine the marginal cost for A in the above table. (2) 4.3.5 Explain why the MR-curve lies below the AR-curve. (4)     [10] 4.4 Draw a well-labelled graph to help in the explanation of economic profit for the monopoly market. (8) 4.5 Draw a well-labelled graph to help in the explanation of a positive externality stemming from consumption. (8)     [40]

1.1.3 The effect of a minimum price will increase the …. goods. (2)