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Tommy listens to his music very loudly while his friend Peter prefers to listen to his music at a much lower volume. Tommy only needs to turn up Peter’s radio one or two notches to hear a difference, but when Tommy is listening to his loud music, he realizes that he needs to turn it up twice as much to notice a difference. This is a demonstration of ___________.

David’s identical twin brother Anthony is homosexual. Because they share the same genetic makeup, there is an increased, although not guaranteed, likelihood that David is homosexual as well.

Sometimes Jen loses control and eats huge quantities of food. She then feels guilty for overeating and goes to extreme measures, such as exercising for hours at a time to avoid gaining weight. Jen is most likely suffering from ___________.

The fovea has numerous rods which makes vision in the fovea sharp and clear under low light conditions

Professor Volkow noticed that John skipped class on Friday. Professor Volkow usually has a well-attended class and thinks that John likely skips other professors’ classes. Professor Volkow will likely make a dispositional attribution about John, assuming that he skipped class because he is lazy, rather than attributing John’s behavior to situational factors.

Timmy is in his history class, but thoughts about his chemistry midterm keep popping into his mind. Because the thought of his midterm makes him anxious, Timmy consciously avoids thinking about chemistry. Timmy is using __________ to change his conscious state of mind.

Josh is prescribed a psychoactive drug to treat his anxiety. Josh’s medication decreases his anxiety by mimicking naturally occurring _________ in his brain.

Kevin is a Latino American student taking a test. When he is asked to list his race at the beginning of the test, he comes more anxious and does more poorly on the test than he would have if he had not been asked to list his race because he knows that on average Latino Americans perform more poorly on tests of academic achievement than do other racial groups. This is an example of (the) ________.

Caroline attends a Head Start preschool educational program when she is three years old. The benefits attained from educational programs like this one

Which of the following is true regarding groups and group membership?