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Determine the net area for an L8 x 4 x 3/4 with two lines of 5/8-inch-diameter bolts in the long leg and one line of 5/8-inch-diameter bolts in the short leg. The bolts are not staggered.

Determine the shear lag factor U for a WT7 x 41 consisting of A992 steel with two longitudinal welds of length L = 8 in. to its flange only.

In general, U = _____ for bolted plates, since the cross section has only one element and it is connected.

Determine the shear lag factor U for a PL 3/8 x 5 consisting of A36 steel with two longitudinal welds of length L = 5 in.

Determine the shear lag factor U for a L6 x 6 x 7/8 consisting of A36 steel with two longitudinal welds of length L = 10 in. and one transverse weld.

Determine the smallest net area for the following PL 5/8 x 11 plate with three holes for 7/8-inch-diameter bolts. Assume a = 1.5 in., b = 1.5 in., and c = 4 in.

Determine the net area for an MC12 x 35 with five lines of 7/8-inch-diameter bolts. Each flange will contain one line of bolts, and the web will contain three lines of bolts. The bolts are not staggered.

Determine the smallest net area for the following PL 7/8 x 10 plate with three holes for 5/8-inch-diameter bolts. Assume a = 1.5 in., b = 1 in., and c = 4 in.

Determine the shear lag factor U for a C7 x 14.75 consisting of A36 steel with two longitudinal heel welds of length L = 9 in.

The Fu for A572 Grade 55 steel used in various structural shapes is _______.