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Briefly describe the structural similarities/differences between chloroplasts and mitochondria.  Where are the electron transport chain (ETC) proteins located?  What is the function of the electron transport chain in both?  Are there any functional differences in the ETC of both?  In C3 plants, which plant cells contain chlorophyll and where is the chlorophyll located in chloroplasts (be specific)? [4 pts]

Use a graph to find any relative maxima and minima. f(x) = -x2 + 6x – 5

List two of the three properties of RNA that enable it to function as an enzyme [1 pt]

Briefly discuss the lac operon.  What is the function of this operon?  Is this an inducible or repressible operon?  Is it normally active or inactive – explain why?  Is there a repressor, co-repressor, inducer, or co-inducer (if so, what is it)? [2.5 pts]

A researcher lyses (breaks open) a cell that contains nucleic acid molecules and capsomeres of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV).  The cell contents are left in a covered test tube overnight.  The next day, this mixture is sprayed onto tobacco plants.  What would you expect to happen to the plants that were sprayed with the mixture?

Solve the equation.  Express your answer as a fraction.  

What is produced in linear electron flow?  What is produced in cyclic electron flow? [1 pt]

Following a procedure to biopsy axillary lymph nodes, a woman complains of arm “weakness”.  Physical examination reveals that she is unable to abduct the affected arm beyond 90 degrees, and that her scapula “wings” when she is asked to lean against the wall while supporting herself with her hands. Which one of the following structures was most likely damaged during the biopsy procedure?

A patient complains of difficulty breathing. During a physical examination including lung auscultation, you notice the presence of expiratory wheezing. You make a diagnosis of asthma, and attempt to cause bronchodilation by administering a drug that mimics the action of which of the following?

A newborn presents with a cleft in the lip on the lateral edge of the philtrum and extending into the palate to the incisive foramen. This cleft is most likely due to lack of fusion between the: