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The PNP is caring for a child with Pompe Disease. Unfamiliar with the disease, the PNP “googles” the disease and notes it causes tissue damage and destruction from the accumulation excess glycogen not being removed from the cell. The PNP realizes what cellular organelle is involved, as this organelle is responsible for making enzymes and clearing excess substances/waste from the cellular cytoplasm?

Two of the most common second messengers for peptide hormones in cellular communication are? 

The AGNP is reviewing the following lipid profile of a patient: Triglycerides: 234 (HIGH) LDL: 233 (very HIGH) HDL: 43  VLDL: 39 (HIGH) The AGNP realizes the patient has far too much cholesterol and lipid carrying proteins, including low-density lipoproteins, in the blood. She suspects this patient has a genetic condition called familial hypercholesterolemia disease. Which type of cellular transport mechanism does the AGNP know is dysfunctional in this condition, since the LDL-cholesterol is NOT entering the cell as it should?

A mother presents to the PNP after a home birth, with a small infant with a malformed skull. Follow-up visits, show the infant is growing slowly and showing developmental delay with signs of substantial cognitive and intellectual deficits. The child also has facial abnormalities that become more striking as it develops. What might the PNP expect to find in the mother’s pregnancy history?

A homeless man with an extensive history of alcohol use disorder is fatigue and some confusion and combativeness when he arrives at the clinic. Friends report that he has not consumed alcohol in 2 days and has become progressively more uncontrollable. Likely causes for his behavior would include all of the following EXCEPT

The FNP is reviewing a liver biopsy report on one of their patients: Description: liver tissue replaced by neoplastic glands infiltrating parenchyma and sinusoidal spaces composed of solid sheets with lumen lined by large cells with vesicular nuclei Impression: liver with poorly differentiated metastatic adenocarcinoma (in other words, metastatic cancer) Which of the following should have stopped this disease from occurring in the patient?

The PNP is seeing a child that was never screened for lead poisoning, and unfortunately has extremely high levels with suspected neurological symptoms. The PNP is going to refer the patient to a specialist and expect which of the following treatments

The NP is reviewing labs and notes the lactic acid level is elevated. Which of the patient conditions would NOT explain this lab value?

The FNP’s patient, who was diagnosed with severe obesity, is following the recommendations and started a walking routine. During the first several minutes of walking, his skeletal muscle cells are experiencing decreased levels of oxygen. In cellular metabolism, the absence of oxygen causes the the cell to convert __________ into  __________, following glycolysis.

The NP is reviewing a endoscopy pathology report and notices the esophageal sample contains simple columnar epithelium and goblet cells, rather than healthy stratified squamous epithelium.  The NP knows this represents ___________ and would likely try to treat it with ________ .