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Explain the juxtaglomerular apparatus using the following terms:  Macula Densa Cells, Granular Cells, Mesangial Cells, Afferent Arteriole, Renin, 

A uniform sign of weight F_g and width 2L hangs from a horizontal beam hinged at the wall and supported by a cable as shown in the figure below. Assume that the beam is massless. (a) Find the tension in the cable. (10 points) (b) Find the components of the reaction force exerted by the wall on the beam in terms of F_g, d, L, θ. (15 points) Show your work and answer in the scratch paper.

Describe an example in which the force of friction exerted on an object is in the direction of motion of the object. Record your answer with your reasoning to your scratch paper. Make sure to submit it to Gradescope at the end of the exam. (10 points) 

Two objects are connected by a massless string that passes over a frictionless pulley as shown in the figure. Assume the incline is frictionless and that m_1 = 2.00 kg, m_2 = 6.00 kg, and θ = 55.0◦. (a) Draw free-body diagrams of both objects. (10 points) (b) Find the magnitude of the acceleration of the objects. (10 points) (c) Find the tension in the string. (5 points) Show your work and answer in the scratch paper.

A ladder stands on the ground, leaning against a wall. Would you feel safer climbing up the ladder if you were told that the ground is frictionless but the wall is rough or if you were told that the wall is frictionless but the ground is rough? Hint: Draw the free body diagram of the situation. Record your answer with your reasoning to your scratch paper. Make sure to submit it to Gradescope at the end of the exam. (10 points) 

If a simple pendulum is undergoing simple harmonic motion and its length is doubled, what happens to the frequency of its motion? Answer and explain in your scratch paper. (10 points)

Ahmal and Tiara say goodbye to each other. Ahmal walks a distance L = 3.0 m at an angle θ = 30◦ north of East, while Tiara walks a distance D = 5.0 m directly south. (a) Draw the displacement vectors of Ahmal and Tiara. (5 points) (b) Find the distance d between them after they each complete their walks. (15 points) Show your work and answer in the scratch paper. (20 points)

When you push on a box with a 200 N force instead of a 50 N force, you can feel that you are making a greater effort. When a table exerts a 200 N normal force instead of one of smaller magnitude, is the table doing anything differently? Record your answer with your reasoning to your scratch paper. Make sure to submit it to Gradescope at the end of the exam. (10 points) 

Two vectors A⇀{“version”:”1.1″,”math”:”A⇀”} and B⇀{“version”:”1.1″,”math”:”B⇀”}  have precisely equal magnitudes. For the magnitude of A⇀ + B⇀{“version”:”1.1″,”math”:”A⇀ + B⇀”} to be 100 times larger than the magnitude of A⇀ – B⇀{“version”:”1.1″,”math”:”A⇀ - B⇀”}, what must be the angle between them?  Show your work and answer in the scratch paper. (15 points)

If the average velocity of an object is zero in some time interval, what can you say about the object’s displacement for that interval? Explain. Record your answer with your reasoning to your scratch paper. Make sure to submit it to Gradescope at the end of the exam.  (10 points)