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A 40 week AGA male has urine output of 0.4 ml/kg/hr. He has a suprapubic mass and dribbling urine stream. On prenatal ultrasound, he had hydronephrosis with an enlarged bladder. The most likely diagnosis is:

An infant is born and presents with ambiguous genitalia, a finding which was not prenatally known. In the delivery room the family asks about gender assignment. Which of the following is the best initial clinical response?

You are discussing the plan of care with a mother whose preterm male infant has bilateral hydroceles.  She asks whether surgery will be necessary and are the hydroceles going to cause permanent damage.  You reassure her by responding that:  

Which is the most common cause of pseudohermaphroditism?

A 25 week gestation infant was treated for two weeks after birth with hydrocortisone for vasopressor-resistant hypotension. Until what age should this infant receive stress doses of steroids with procedures and/or surgeries?

A 28-week gestation infant with a birthweight of 900 grams has 0.5 ml/kg/hr urine output at 48 hours of age. Total fluids are 100 ml/kg/day. Further evaluation reveals the following findings: Current weight 750 gramsHR 188RR 72Mean arterial blood pressure 22 mmHgNo abdominal massBladder non-palpableLaboratory Values: Na 151 mEq/L, K 5.8 mEq/L, BUN 30 mg/dl, Creatinine 0.8 mg/dl, elevated serum osmolarity and urine osmolarity You suspect the low urine output is secondary to:

A 37 week intrauterine growth restricted (IUGR) female is jaundiced at birth. The nurse notices petechiae while she is nursing for the first time. Appropriate initial testing for this infant includes:

Which of the following does NOT require evaluation of a disorder of sexual differentiation:

You are writing TPN for a 4 day old infant with a birthweight of 1.4 kg, now 10% below birthweight. This morning, the sodium is down to 132 and the blood glucose is trending 62-69 mg% in the last 24 hours. The infant is receiving 2 mEq/kg/day sodium in the TPN D11W at 7.5 ml/hr via PICC line. The UAC infusing 1/2 normal saline at 1 ml/hr is being removed today. The EBM feeds will be increased to 20 ml/kg/day today. How much sodium will you provide in the TPN? What adjustment will you make in the GIR?

Horseshoe kidneys can be associated with: