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Rutherford’s Gold Foil Experiment helped prove A) the diameter of a gold atom. B) the exact charge of an electron. C) the exact mass of a gold atom. D) that the mass of an atom is concentrated in a very small space. E) the mass to charge ratio of an electron.

Which reaction below represents the electron affinity of Li? A) Li(g) + e⁻ → Li⁻(g) B) Li(g) → Li⁺(g) + e⁻ C) Li(g) + e⁻ → Li⁺(g) D) Li⁺(g) → Li(g) + e⁻ E) Li⁺(g) + e⁻ → Li(g)

Calculate the wavelength (in nm) of the blue light emitted by a mercury lamp with a frequency of 6.88 × 1014 Hz. A) 229 nm B) 436 nm C) 206 nm D) 485 nm E) 675 nm

Which of the following statements is TRUE? A) The principal quantum number (n) describes the shape of an orbital. B) The angular momentum quantum number (l) describes the size and energy associated with an orbital. C) The magnetic quantum number (ml) describes the orientation of the orbital. D) An orbital is the path that an electron follows during its movement in an atom. E) All of the above are true.

In which of the following sets do all species have the same number of electrons? A) Cl-, Ar, Ca2+ B) N, O2-, F- C) Sc3+, Y3+, La3+ D) Cr, Cr2+, Cr3+  

Which of the following statements about subatomic particles is TRUE? A) A neutral atom contains the same number of protons and electrons. B) Protons have about the same mass as electrons. C) Electrons make up most of the mass of an atom. D) Protons and neutrons have opposite but equal in magnitude, charges. E) Neutrons and electrons are found in the nucleus of an atom

On the electromagnetic spectrum, visible light is immediately between two other wavelengths. Name them. A) infrared and x-ray B) radio and microwave C) gamma-ray and ultraviolet D) microwave and x-ray E) infrared and ultraviolet

Calculate the mass (in mg) of 4.82 × 1022 atoms of sodium. A) 3.48 mg B) 287 × 103mg C) 287 mg D) 1.84 × 103mg E) 1.84 mg

When waves of equal amplitude from two sources are out of phase when they interact, it is called A) destructive interference. B) diffraction. C) constructive interference. D) effusion. E) amplitude

Place the following in order of increasing radius.             Br⁻             Na⁺            Rb⁺ A) Br⁻ < Rb⁺ < Na⁺ B) Na⁺ < Rb⁺ < Br⁻ C) Rb⁺ < Br⁻ < Na⁺ D) Br⁻ < Na⁺ < Rb⁺ E) Rb⁺ < Na⁺ < Br⁻