A patient with a history of heart failure presents to your p…

A patient with a history of heart failure presents to your practice complaining of classic symptoms of his disease. On examination, a systolic murmur and S4 is auscultated. In addition to a 12-lead ECG, what diagnostic test should you order to help clarify the cause of this patient’s heart failure?

While examining a 17-yr-old male for a sports physical you h…

While examining a 17-yr-old male for a sports physical you hear a high-pitched holosystolic murmur. When questioning the patient and his mother, they tell you that no one has ever told them that the young man has had a murmur. He denies all symptoms including chest pain, shortness of breath, palpitations, dizziness, and syncope. His ECG shows non-specific T-wave changes in the inferior leads. Mitral valve prolapse is at the top of your differential diagnosis list. What is the next appropriate non-invasive test to order?

A 60 year old woman with a BMI of 29 presents with chest pai…

A 60 year old woman with a BMI of 29 presents with chest pain and shortness of breath. She has history of HTN and DM Type II. On exam you note respirations 22, heart rate 100 and regular, bilateral basilar rales and pedal edema. Which laboratory test would be the best option to determine if she is in congestive heart failure?