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6.2 An autocratic ruler: (1)   A.     allows the population to make decisions about the running of the country.     B.     controls all decisions.     C.    accepts that decisions are made by the United Nations.     D.    allows the police and army to make decisions.  

5.3 Citizenship can be defined as (1)   A.     the status of a person recognized under the law of a country of belonging to thereof.     B.     a legal identification of a person in international law, establishing the person as a subject, a national, of a sovereign state.     C.    the act of finding out who someone is or what something is.     D.    a distinct territorial body or political entity  

1.3 A large group of people who inhabit a specific territory and are connected by history, culture, or another commonality (1) A) Sovereign state   B) State   C) Nation   D) Nation State  

TOTAL QUESTION 5: [10]

5.5 Discuss two disadvantages the Nubians face by not being citizens of a country. (2)

1.3 A large group of people who inhabit a specific territory and are connected by history, culture, or another commonality (1) A) Sovereign state   B) State   C) Nation   D) Nation State  

6.3 Discuss the difference between the Irish and Greek referendum. (2)

6.1 A referendum is: (1)   A.     a vote by everyone over 25     B.     a vote by everyone who works     C.    a vote by everyone permitted to vote     D.    a vote by all men  

Question 4: Bike Data – Prediction (4a) 2 pts – Predict bikes for the test set (bike_data_test) using model1. Display the first six predicted values. (4b) 2 pts – Calculate and display the mean squared prediction error (MSPE) for model1. List one limitation of using this metric to evaluate prediction accuracy. (4c) 1 pt – Refit model1 on bike_data_full, and call it model2. Display the summary table for the model. (4c.1) 3 pts – Estimate the 10-fold and leave-one-out cross validation mean prediction squared error (MSPE) for model2. Hint: cv.glm() from the boot package uses MSPE as the default cost function. (4c.2) 1 pt – How do these two MSPEs compare to the model1 MSPE from 4b? Apply your knowledge of cross validation to explain your results.

2.6 Ecological globalisation accounts for the idea that the Earth is separated into many different parts. (1)