[BLANK-1] was an Englishwoman who sought to advance the case…

[BLANK-1] was an Englishwoman who sought to advance the case for women’s intellectual capacities during the Enlightenment. She argued directly against Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s position that men’s roles as the active partner in sexual relationships meant that they were naturally suited for the active world of politics and public life more than women. This woman instead argued that women were capable of being equal to men (though she conceded limitations based on their lack of access to education). She further proposed that even if Rousseau was right about women, that women still should be given the right to gain an education and create their best selves. She passed many of her ideas and talents on to her daughter, who would gain equal fame to her celebrated mother when she wrote the famous Romanticist horror novel: Frankenstein.

[BLANK-1] was a Filipino nationalist, revolutionary, and pol…

[BLANK-1] was a Filipino nationalist, revolutionary, and polymath who advocated for the Philippines to be made an official province of Spain and for Spaniards and Filipinos to receive equality before the law. He wrote several satirical and nationalistic novels critical of the Spanish government, which ultimately led to his exile to the remote island of Mindanao. During his exile, he was erroneously linked to a nationalist secret society that rose in revolt against Spain in the Philippines and he was arrested, tried, convicted, and executed in 1896.

[BLANK-1] united Vietnam under one ruler after decades of ci…

[BLANK-1] united Vietnam under one ruler after decades of civil war and lasted from 1802-1885. Its rule was patterned after China, with a large, centralized scholar-bureaucracy. It conducted massive and impressive infrastructural projects and palace building in Hue, but placed a heavy burden on peasants who were conscripted to do the work. During this era, rulers of Vietnam outlawed Christianity and persecuted and executed its practitioners. As many as 30,000 Vietnamese Christians were executed by the state in the 1850s, leading France to respond with a naval force and to occupy coastal cities. This state lost its autonomy after a second war between France and Vietnam led France to occupy the entire country by 1885, after which Vietnam became a French colony.