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A researcher developed a regression equation to predict muscular strength from fat mass (Fat) in undergraduate students, and then computed residuals from the equation.  Explain what a residual is from a regression equation. 

A researcher examined the stress levels of male and female undergraduate students. What type of variable is gender?

Given the title of this article, what is the independent variable? The effect of a liquid nutrition supplement on body composition and physical functioning in elderly people

Based on the scatterplot, what would you estimate the correlation to be (give a specific number)?

Given the title of this article, what is the independent variable? Gender Differences in Exercise Habits

When a distribution is markedly skewed, the preferred measure of central tendency is the

What effect will increasing the sample size have on the standard error of the mean (sampling error)?

If you had a health score of 60 in a group with a mean health score of 80 and a standard deviation of 40, what would be your z-score?

A researcher was interested in examining the effects of the amount of caffeine intake during the day on the quality of participants’ sleep quality of 50 male, sophomores at USF who were randomly selected. Quality of sleep was measured using an actigraphy and amount of caffeine was measured using a self-reported food diary. Is the sample used in the study a probability sample or a non-probability sample?

A researcher wishes to predict a runners’ 5-k running time using the runners’ VO2 Max values. Which of the following analyses would be most useful?