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(1685-1759) a famous German organist and composer of opera seria, oratorio, and other instrumental music. He held the position of “Music Director at the Court of Hanover” prior to moving to London and becoming a naturalized English citizen. His most famous composition is the oratorio Messiah.

The missing coefficient in the equation: 2C6H5COOH + 15O2 → 14CO2 + ( )H2O

An operatic scene with multiple characters on stage singing simultaneously.  This became popular in the comic operas of the Classical period. 

The unit in the Baroque orchestra that is comprised of a polyphonic instrument, most often a keyboard instrument or lute, and a bass voice instrument, most often a cello or bassoon. It is responsible for the chordal harmony, generating rhythm, and the bass line.

This form became Beethoven’s replacement for the minuet and trio as the third movement of symphonies and sonatas.  It is a fast, rushing movement which is more dramatic than the minuet.

The greatest musical form of the Baroque era, employing solo and choral vocal forces with orchestral accompaniment and continuo in the forms of recitative, aria, and chorus in multiple scenes and acts similar to a play with sung dialog rather than spoken.

This Austrian ruler emancipated the peasants and made other legal and social changes to “enlighten” culture during his reign. 

The amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water by 10 ºC is: (the specific heat for water is s water = 4200 J/kg ºC)

(1567-1643) An important figure in two musical periods, he is an important madrigal composer in the Renaissance style and he composed the first masterpiece of opera, Orfeo, in 1607.

In opera, a piece for solo voice and orchestra accompaniment that reflects on the actions within a dramatic scene that requires emotional comment. The opportunity within an opera for the beautiful reflective song.