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In viral gene therapy, how do we make sure that the plasmids efficiently enter the cells so that virus can be produced?

  In the image above, a crucial preparation step for Next Generation Sequencing is taking place. Briefly explain what is happening in this step and why it is important. 

Why is a Taq-polymerase used in PCR experiments instead of a regular DNA polymerase?

In your own brief words, what is DNA recombination technology? 

What are molecules called that relay signals received at receptors on the cell surface to target molecules in the cytosol and/or nucleus?

Which process is endergonic?

Which process produces the most ATP per molecule of glucose oxidized?

Which type of bacterial genetic recombination involves the use of a viral vector?

What does a target cell require to respond to an extracellular signal molecule? (Select all that apply)

In CRISPR-Cas9, Cas9 is a protein with ligase activity whose role is to create double-strand breaks in the target DNA sequence.