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Fill in the Blank: When we consider Descartes and the Erroneous Belief Test, which two claims could not both be true at the same time?  (note, the answer is two words long). 1.  I believe that…  2. It is false that…

Consider the following argument, and match the words or phrases with their corresponding term of identification (as noted in the analogical argument formula):  Machines are the products of intelligence.  They are ordered systems consisting of parts deliberately designed to perform certain functions.  The universe, too, is also a system (on a much greater magnitude), consisting of parts perfectly adapted to certain ends.  Thus, it is reasonable to conclude that the universe is also a product of intelligence.

Throughout his essay, Descartes uses various examples or reasons to help him explain the significance of various concepts, or to help him conclude certain significant points.  Match the following examples or reasons with their corresponding concepts or concluding points.

Descartes spends about the last page of his thought experiment in Meditation I on someone specific.  Who does he think about?

Our section on epistemology studied the nature of [term1] and justification.   Plato’s idealism introduced us to the allegory of the cave, which represents the four stages of knowing in what he calls, “The [term2].” (hint: this is two words)  Rationalism argues that “[term3] has precedence over other ways of acquiring knowledge.”  This position was endorsed and defended by the philosopher [term4] A third position, which was briefly covered, came from philosopher John Locke.  He argued that [term5] was the primary source of our knowledge, rather than rationalism. 

Descartes asks, “What am I?”  What is his answer?

Epistemology is known as “the study of the nature of [term1] and [term2].” Metaphysics, on the other hand, is “the philosophical [term3] of the nature, constitution, and structure of [term4].”  Accordingly knowledge, then is different from belief.  Knowledge requires not just confident belief in a truth; it requires a [term5].” 

Martin Luther King, Jr. made a distinction between just laws and unjust laws.  Which of the following is a characteristic of just laws? 

Which of the following best describes the moral theory of cultural relativism? 

In the following, identify whether the following describes the concept of sensation, imagination, or judgment (according to Descartes):  Things just appear to us (we can be surprised by them – [questiona] It is a perception of a “purely mental scrutiny” – [questionb] They have limitations (for example, they may seem small even if they are very large) – [questionc] They are mental images that correspond with unreality – [questiond] They are part of the mind which perceives – [questione]