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19. A thrombus (blood clot) in the first branch of the arch of the aorta would affect the flow of blood to the ________.        

5. In the kidneys, the countercurrent mechanism involves the interaction between the flow of filtrate through the nephron loop of the juxtamedullary nephrons (the countercurrent multiplier) and the flow of blood through the limbs of adjacent blood vessels (the countercurrent exchanger). This relationship establishes and maintains an osmotic gradient extending from the cortex through the medulla’s depths, allowing the kidneys to dramatically varying urine concentration.

20. Atrial natriuretic peptide inhibits sodium reabsorption.

18. Which of the following blood pressure readings would be indicative of hypertension?        

6. The left ventricular wall of the heart is thicker than the right ventricular wall because the left ventricle _____.

46. The ___ of the sperm contains the mitochondria which make ATP to power the swimming.

20. Which of the following is true about surfactant?

37. Which of the following is NOT a function of the kidneys?

37. If blood volume decreased dramatically due to massive bleeding, the autonomic nervous system will attempt to maintain cardiac output by increasing the heart rate.

26. The condition where fluid compresses the heart and limits its ability to contract is called ________.