While studying for a test, you hear the annoying sound of yo…

While studying for a test, you hear the annoying sound of your neighbor’s stereo blasting through your open window. The loud music is distracting and unpleasant. You get up and close the window. As a result, the music is no longer a distraction, and you can continue studying undisturbed. In this example, the act of closing the window was reinforced through which process?

A dog barks constantly, day and night. After complaints from…

A dog barks constantly, day and night. After complaints from neighbors, the owner bought an automatic bark-sensing shock collar and put it on the dog. Now, every time the dog barks, the collar detects the sound and delivers a painful shock to its neck. After wearing the collar for a day, the dog no longer barks excessively. The dog’s behavior was modified through which learning process?