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​The practice of obtaining criminal convictions based on hearsay was especially grievous in the infamous _____ trials in England.

With regard to testimonial hearsay, the U.S. Supreme Court overruled Ohio v. Roberts in  _____.

​The principal means courts use to guard against the risks of Hearsay are the requirements that the witness testify under oath, which helps ensure reliability, and that the witness be available for _____.

Case 8.3 Police investigate a reported sexual assault of a ten year old female. Police were alerted by a school nurse who noticed bruises on her thighs after the child came to her office complaining of lower abdominal pain. The child was interviewed by a sexual assault nurse examiner (SANE) who asked questions about the assault not to gather evidence but to help the nurse examine and treat the child appropriately.  The nurse also performed a rape kit and collected samples for DNA analysis. The child identified a neighborhood handyman as the perpetrator. The accused, Chester Mayhem, had recently worked on the victim’s home where he befriended the victim. Mayhem reportedly had sexually assaulted the child on four separate occasions. The child was reluctant to report the assaults as Mayhem threatened to kill her family if she said anything.        The subsequent investigation matched Mayhem’s DNA to three other unsolved sexual assault cases. Mayhems is arrested and charged with multiple counts of aggravated sexual assault.​The Supreme Court has ruled that for a child’s out-of-court statement to be admissible, the child’s truthfulness must be “so clear from the surrounding circumstances that the test of cross-examination would be of marginal utility. Which matters have been found to “properly relate to whether hearsay statements made by a child witness in child sexual abuse cases are reliable?​

If _____ statements are made or evidence discovered from consensual talks between police and citizens, the statements or evidence may be used in criminal prosecutions.​

​The primary justification for the exclusionary rule is _____.

Which matter describes a firmly rooted hearsay exception in the law of evidence?

Police misconduct can result in the violation of the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments’ Clauses of due process.​

Case 9.2 Police respond to a third party 911 call and arrive at the scene of domestic violence homicide. Police find the victim underneath his pickup truck, apparently run over. On scene, the man’s wife, blurts out that she could not take his physical abuse and drinking any more. She then says “I didn’t mean to hurt him I just wanted to get away.” The wife has multiple new and old bruises on her body which she claims were from the husband repeatedly beating her while threatening to kill her. ​ Witnesses report that they heard the two fighting and witnessed the husband trying to grab the wife as she ran outside. They observed the wife get into the pickup truck and heard the husband screaming that he wouldn’t let her go as he stood in front of the pickup.  Witnesses report that the wife drove the truck over the husband and then backed up. They further state that the wife called someone the phone and said “it’s done.” Witnesses also tell police that the wife has been seeing another man on the side and that the other man had been with the wife just an hour before the husband/victim had gotten home. ​ Police interview the wife, who claims that she dialed 911 but hung up the phone by accident, because she was in a panic. Police ask the wife to show them her phone but she refuses.  Police check with the dispatch center and fine only one call and that was the one from the witness. ​ Police arrest the wife for the murder of her husband and transport her to police headquarters for processing. She is searched incident to arrest and her phone is taken into evidence.  Police also search the house for additional evidence.  While being transported to headquarters the wife changes her story several times claiming that her husband was screaming that he was going to kill her. Her changing statements are recorded by the in car video system.The police search the defendant’s phone is deemed illegal, but the conversation between the defendant and her lover was caught on a legal wiretap of the lover’s phone as a result an independent investigation in his involvement in drug distribution case. Can the police still introduce the record of the phone conversation between the two on the day of the murder?

Under the Federal Rules of Evidence and in a number of jurisdictions, _____ is specifically defined as not being hearsay.​