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A physical therapist is evaluating a patient with multiple sclerosis after a recent exacerbation. The patient reports worsened right sided spasticity, weakness, and fatigue level compared to their prior baseline. They also note that they feel like food gets stuck in their throat when they are eating and they have frequent coughing episodes when they drink water, which are new symptoms compared to their baseline. What is the MOST appropriate course of action related to this person’s swallowing symptoms?

Which of the following symptoms would be MOST likely observed in a person that has multiple sclerosis?

A patient with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis demonstrates excessive drooling associated with difficulty swallowing. What is the name for this symptom?

As motor neurons degenerate in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, reinnervation by neighboring motor neurons can compensate for lost function until motor unit loss reaches which approximate threshold?

Which of the following is the only pharmaceutical agent on the market that is capable of reducing future disease activity for all forms of multiple sclerosis including relapsing forms and primary progressive multiple sclerosis?

A physical therapist completes observation as part of the motor examination to screen the neurological system. What is the MOST likely cause of the impairments pictured?  

A patient with multiple sclerosis reports that they often feel exhausted, weak, and unable to concentrate in the afternoons which leads them to avoid physical and social activities. Which outcome measure is MOST indicated to assess the effect of these symptoms on this patient’s overall quality of life?

A 35-year-old female diagnosed with multiple sclerosis notes that she had her first episode two years ago with numbness and tingling noted in both arms which completely resolved after two weeks. She had another episode one week ago that resulted in weakness and spasticity in her right leg. The weakness is improving but spasticity has remained. Based on the history of symptoms, which form of multiple sclerosis is this patient MOST likely experiencing?

A physical therapist is working with a person that has secondary progressive multiple sclerosis on improving strength. Which of the following exercise recommendations is MOST indicated for this population?

A patient with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) presents to the emergency room with a two-day history of progressive weakness and paresthesia associated with an MS-exacerbation/relapse. Which of the following medical treatments is MOST likely to be initiated?