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hat effect did the above act have on the Kansas Territory?

How were the educational benefits from the GI Bill limited for African-American veterans?

Which branch of the federal government, the branch with ultimate power over the military, originally controlled the process of Reconstruction?

What emerging field of study, which often involved measurement of skull size and theories of evolving species, gave whites scientific excuses for their racial preconceptions of blacks as unintelligent and backward?

Despite the end of the slave trade in 1808, some smugglers continued to import slaves to the United States from Africa illegally.

After the United States entered the war in 1917–three years after it began–President Wilson desegregated the military in an effort to promote racial equality.

How did the invention of the cotton gin, a machine used to remove the seeds from cotton lint mechanically, lead to an expansion of slave labor in the US?

US military planners used what statistic to mathematically gauge their success in the Vietnam War?

After proper black combat units were finally organized under the name United States Colored Troops, where did these black regiments fight?

What African-American institution prayed a crucial role from Reconstruction through the twentieth century, not just in its primary role but as sources of charity, public leadership, and education?