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Membrane lipids in tissue samples obtained from different parts of a reindeer’s leg have different fatty acid compositions. (2 pts each, 6 pts) Blank #1: Relative to the membrane lipids from tissues near the upper leg, how are the membrane lipids near the hooves, which are often sunk in snow, different (length and saturation of fatty acids)?  Blank #2: Explain how the length of fatty acids chosen in blank #1 helps the deer maintain the correct level of fluidity in the membranes from cells in the hooves. Blank #3: Explain how the degree of saturation/unsaturation of fatty acids chosen in blank #1 helps the deer maintain the correct level of fluidity in the membranes from cells in the hooves.

The structure of one of the enantiomers of psicose is shown below.  Blank #1: Is this the D or L enantiomer of psicose? Blank #2: Define psicose in terms of the number of carbons and its carbonyl functional group (for example, aldopentose).  Blank #3: What is the stereochemical relationship between psicose and fructose, assuming they are both D? (enantiomers, epimers at C-? , diastereomers with more than one different chiral C, structural isomers, different molecules) Blank #4: Write the letter of the cyclic structure shown below that corresponds to a-D-psicose.  Blank #5: Is this a reducing sugar? (yes/no) Blank #6: Does picose undergo mutarotation? (yes/no)  

Into which group would you place a photosynthetic organism that lacks a nucleus and has a thin peptidoglycan wall surrounded by an outer membrane?

1. Define sterilization. Give an example of a method that can be used for sterilization. (+1 pt).  2. How is a bacteriostatic different from a bacteriocidal? (+1pt).  3. What is the difference between an antiseptic and a disinfectant? (+1pt).   4. What factors should be considered when you are choosing a disinfectant? Name 2. (+2pts) Extra credit opportunity: Give up to 3 additional factors (up to +3pts EC). 

________ are a diverse group of eukaryotic organisms that are similar in rRNA sequences, but quite different from each other in motility types and ecology. They have been used previously as a “catch-all” for organisms that couldn’t be easily classified into other groups.

Table 20.3The following data were obtained from a broth dilution test: Concentration of Antibiotic X Growth 2.0 μg/ml – 1.0 μg/ml – 0.5 μg/ml – 0.25 μg/ml + 0.125 μg/ml + 0 + Bacteria from the 0.25 μg/ml tube were transferred to new growth mediacontaining antibiotic X with the following results: Concentration of Antibiotic X Growth 2.0 μg/ml – 1.0 μg/ml + 0.5 μg/ml + 0.25μg/ml + The data in Table 20.3 show that these bacteria

Which of the following statements about drugs that competitively inhibit DNA polymerase or RNA polymerase is FALSE?

A drug that inhibits mitosis, such as griseofulvin, would be more effective against

Table 20.2The following results were obtained from a disk-diffusion test for microbial susceptibility to antibiotics. Staphylococcus aureus was the test organism. Antibiotic Zone of Inhibition A 3 mm B 7 mm C 0 mm D 10 mm In Table 20.2, the most effective antibiotic tested was

The antibiotic actinomycin D binds between adjacent G-C pairs, thus interfering with