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Describe Pavlov’s classical conditioning studies in terms of the US, UR, CS, CR, and his results. Briefly discuss two examples of classical conditioning in your own life, naming the US, UR, CS, and CR.

Explain the goals and results of the Little Albert study. Also, describe other efforts to apply classical conditioning principles to humans, such as desensitization.

Discuss the requirements for punishment to be effective as well as the dangers and limitations of using punishment to change behavior. Also, describe the role that avoidance training plays in using punishment to change behavior.

Summarize the research on autobiographical memory and flashbulb memories. How accurate are these memories, who is most likely to have memories of early life experiences, and what kinds of early memories are people most likely to have?

Describe the functions of the spinal cord and explain how it works with the brain to sense events and act on them.

Describe the physical and psychological effects of stimulants such as amphetamines and the problems associated with their use.

Describe the location and functioning of the medulla, cerebellum, thalamus, hypothalamus, and cerebral cortex.

Define “childhood amnesia” and describe the factors that may contribute to childhood amnesia.

Summarize research findings about left-handedness and its causes.

Explain what the serial position effect, the primacy effect, and the recency effect are.