Blog

In 2012, longtime California residents Wendy and Howard were married. At the time of the marriage, Howard was a practicing attorney earning $250,000 annually, while Wendy was attending college. During the marriage, Howard continued to work full-time, and Wendy attended medical school from 2012 through 2016. During this period, Howard paid for Wendy’s medical school tuition and all household living expenses, including Wendy’s personal expenses, using his earnings. Wendy graduated in 2017 and began a residency program, which lasted through 2020. During her residency, she earned approximately $50,000 annually. Prior to the marriage, Wendy inherited a condominium and $100,000 in cash from her aunt. The cash was deposited into an account at First Savings Bank held solely in Wendy’s name. The condominium was titled in Wendy’s name alone and was subject to a mortgage in her name. After marriage, Howard used his earnings to make the mortgage payments on the condominium. Once Wendy began earning an income, she took over responsibility for household expenses, while Howard continued paying the mortgage. Because Wendy’s income was insufficient to cover all household expenses, funds from her First Savings Bank account were also used to cover the shortfall. In 2021, without informing Wendy, Howard withdrew $20,000 from their jointly held community checking account and gave the funds to his brother to help pay for urgent medical bills. Wendy only learned about the withdrawal during the divorce proceeding, well after the funds had been disbursed. Also in 2021, Wendy obtained a position as a family physician, earning a substantially higher salary. Wendy and Howard separated in 2023 and Howard filed for dissolution of marriage in 2024. What are Wendy’s and Howard’s respective rights and liabilities regarding: Wendy’s Tuition and Expenses? The condo? The $20,000 gift to Howard’s brother? Answer according to California law.

The Framers intended – and did in fact – create a Christian nation.

The deficiencies of the Articles of Confederation include all the following except: 

Chief Justice John Marshall penned a handful of The Federalists Papers, but far fewer than Hamilton or Madison.

According to the Federalists, the proposed constitution erects:

The Constitutional Convention failed to achieve the purpose for which it was convened.

Critical Race Theory affirms all the following except:

Christianity influenced the public square by opposing chattel slavery, gladiatorial combat, infant exposure, coerced conversions, and abortion.

The Federalist Papers contain Christian doctrinal commitments.

Originalism, as an interpretive methodology, utilizes canons of construction outside the operative legal text in addition to the operative legal text itself.