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As melody grew more complex and harmony grew more dissonant, tonality grew more indistinct. Finally, some music reached a point at which no tonal center could be detected at all. This is __________music.

The positive side of Wagner’s program was the development of a new kind of opera in the 1850s, for which he reserved a special name: __________________. Music in these works shares the honors with poetry, drama, and philosophy- all furnished by Wagner himself-as well as the stage design and acting.

A further step in program music, conceptually, was the __________________________, which was never intended to be followed by a stage play or opera.

Set in contemporary Spain, _________________ by George Bizet,  tells the story of a fiery, sexually irresistible Gypsy woman who works in a cigarette factory and a soldier who falls under her spell.

The composer, _________________.  ranks as one of the earliest of American avant-garde modernists. This is all the more extraordinary because she was a woman working in a male-dominated field.

By the middle of the 1920s, the reputation of another American modernist, _____________________, was growing. He would soon rank as America’s leading composers.

As people all over Europe became more conscious of their national characters, they also came to prize their distinctive artistic heritages more and more. The characteristic musical feature of __________________________ is simply the incorporation of national folk music into concert pieces, songs, and operas.

In Austria and Germany, composers pressed forward with music that was increasingly emotional and complex. As though intent on taking Romantic fervor to its ultimate conclusion, they found themselves exploiting extreme states, extending to hysteria, nightmare, even insanity. This movement, known as __________________________, shares its name with important parallel movements in art and literature.

On a hot day, the temperature of land rises more quickly than that of the sea. Which of the following statements best explains why? 

Nitrogen (N) is more electronegative than hydrogen (H). Which of the following is a correct statement about the atoms in ammonia (NH3)?