In an independent t-test, we calculate a mean difference bet…

In an independent t-test, we calculate a mean difference between the groups (group 1 –  group 2) and we use this to test against the null.  If the mean difference and 95% confidence intervals are 4.1 (95% CI -2.5 to 10.0), would you reject the null hypothesis?

After a run-in with second-grader Mia’s parents, Ms. Maloney…

After a run-in with second-grader Mia’s parents, Ms. Maloney uses her classroom computer to write a frustrated email to another teacher in her school, Miss Florris. In the email, Ms. Maloney explains the whole story and makes some unkind statements about Mia’s parents. How would you characterize this interaction?