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Which of the following will increase the force of a muscle contraction in response to electrical stimulation?

Cellular activity and the non-thermal effects of ultrasound are a result of all of the following EXCEPT:

Which of the following is NOT an effect of UV radiation?

Raynaud’s is a contraindication for which of the following modalities?

A patient has a trigger point in the upper trapezius and local muscle spasm, tightness and       pain due to spasm.  The BEST modality choice to address these issues is:

A PTA is treating a patient rehabilitating from an Achilles tendon injury using cryotherapy.  Which agent would provide the BEST localized treatment for this region?

A PTA is treating a patient with an ice massage for lateral epicondylitis.  The patient complains of a burning sensation at the elbow after ~ 2 minutes.  The PTA SHOULD:

Acute Inflammation normally is completed in which of the following time periods?

After hurting the finger an individual will rub their finger and shake their hand.  These actions stimulate the

Extra Credit The effect that will not occur by placing a hot pack around the ankle is: