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Your patient is diagnosed with Addison’s disease (an autoimmune disease) that causes the immune system to destroy the hormone producing cells of adrenal cortex. Which of the following plasma hormones changes are expected in this patient?

What hormone does the brain directly secrete in order to regulate the stress response pathway?

Injecting your patient daily for one week with a cocktail of cortisone, cortisol, and epinephrine would be expected to cause of the following physiological responses?

Describe the three primary processes requiring (i.e., using) adenosine triphosphate (ATP) during the contraction/relaxation of the typical cardiac myocyte.

Which pair of heart valves are considered part of the ventricular outflow tracts since blood exits the heart through these valves during the cardiac cycle?

The majority of the proteins needed in the clotting cascade are produced by cells in the [first] and the platelets needed in hemostasis are produced by cells in the [second]

Match the components involved in hemostasis with the correct items:

Which definition describes cardiac output of the heart?

The bicuspid valve opens when…

The images above show the typical pacemaker cell action potential compared to a ventricular myocyte action potential. Describe the specific ion channels at work in each of the cells during: Phase 4 of the pacemaker cell compared to the ventricular myocyte Phase 0 of the pacemaker cell compared to the ventricular myocyte Phase 2 of the ventricular myocyte Phase 3 of the pacemaker cell compared to the ventricular myocyte