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A patient with pancreatitis and pulmonary edema is placed on a mechanical ventilator. The initial ABG results on 100% oxygen are: pH 7.36, PaCO2 42 mmHg, PaO2 173 mmHg, HCO3 23 mEq/L with a calculated A-a gradient of 438 mmHg. Based on the A-a gradient, what pathophysiology is most likely?

Mr. Cirius is in the ICU on an FiO2 of 100% and has a history of emphysema. An ABG is attained and reveals the following: pH 7.18, PaCO2 59 mmHg, PaO2 of 65 mmHg, HCO3 24 mEq/L. What action would you recommend?

Which of the following idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis types results in poor prognosis of the patient due to the chronic inflammation and fibrotic changes that result in alveolar wall thickening?

What is the sequential pathological changes that patients experience in acute lung injury disorders based in relation to the  development of fibrosis, level of exposure, enmesh of collagen and fibrin fibers and lung becoming restrictive in nature?

Chest radiograph findings indicating lung cancer include all of the following, EXCEPT:

Based on the A-a gradient calculated for the previous patient, what hypoxemic pathophysiology is most likely?

BONUS: In which of the following tumors would surgical resection be appropriate?

The following pathophysiological changes occur in the acute inflammatory early stage of pneumoconiosis: I. edema II. increase in airway secretions III. fibrotic changes IV. granuloma and cavity formation  

Which of the following ABG results below are most typical for a patient who normally has no underlying lung disease presents with early ARDS?

All of the following are true about Coal Worker’s Pneumoconiosis, EXCEPT: