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What is the precursor of bile salts?

What would stimulate central respiratory centers the most?

Where are Brunner’s glands located?

Saliva contains the carbohydrate-digesting enzyme:

What process produces acetyl coenzyme A?

Most of the gastrin released following a meal is from which of the following structures?

How does the autonomic nervous system affect salivary secretory rate?

The parameter this refers to

In Java, when you open a text file you should account for a possible:

a) [7 points] Consider the following grid world in which you will implement TD learning and Q-learning techniques to find the values of these states. .  Suppose that we have the following observed transitions: (A, East, C, 3), (C, South, B, 4), (C, East, G, 4), (C, East, E, 3), (E, North, D, 3), (E, North, F, 4), (E, North, H, 6) The initial value of each state is 0. Assume that γ = 1 and α = 0.5. • What are the learned values from TD learning after all observations? • What are the learned Q-values from Q-learning after all observations? Show your procedure. Both solution and procedure will count towards the grade of this question. b) [3 points] Explain the difference between active and passive reinforcement learning.