A number of passengers on a cruise ship from Puerto Rico to…

A number of passengers on a cruise ship from Puerto Rico to the Panama Canal have recently developed a gastrointestinal illness compatible with norovirus (formerly called Norwalk-like virus). Testing for norovirus is not readily available in any nearby island, and the test takes several days even where available. As the epidemiologist called on investigate the outbreak, you do not have facilities to confirm cases at hand for the moment. In this scenario, the best definition of a probable case would be:

British investigators conducted a study to compare measles-m…

British investigators conducted a study to compare measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine history among 1,294 children with pervasive development disorder (e.g., autism and Asperger’s syndrome) and 4,469 children without such disorders: They found no association. This is an example of which specific type of study?