Angie was in an abusive relationship with her spouse, Betsy….

Angie was in an abusive relationship with her spouse, Betsy.  Betsy was an alcoholic and, when drunk, would often beat Angie.  During the course of their marriage, the beatings became worse and more frequent.  Unable to endure it any longer, Angie hired an assassin to kill Betsy.  Angie informed the assassin that the best time to kill Betsy would be three evenings from now–on Thursday evening–because Angie would be out of town and Betsy typically got extremely intoxicated on Thursday nights.  That Thursday evening, while Betsy was asleep in a drunken stupor, the assassin entered the home with a spare key that Angie had given him.  The assassin shot Betsy to death.  Later on, detectives discovered evidence that Angie had hired someone to kill Betsy; she was charged with first-degree murder.  In the jurisdiction, premeditated murder and felony murder are classified as first-degree murder; all other murders fall within second-degree murder. Should Angie be convicted of first-degree murder?

A college student was pledging for a fraternity at Faber Col…

A college student was pledging for a fraternity at Faber College.  As part of his initiation, the college student was required to steal a stop sign from a street intersection. One night at around 10:30pm, the college student went to an intersection where there were stop signs only for northbound and southbound traffic; he then removed the stop sign for the northbound traffic.  Around 12:30am, a man–who was high on marijuana–was driving northbound at a reasonable speed toward the intersection and, failing to stop, crashed into a van that had the right of way. A passenger in the van was killed as a result of the crash.  If the student and the man are prosecuted for the passenger’s death, who should be found guilty?

Carl bred and owned German shepherd dogs that he trained as…

Carl bred and owned German shepherd dogs that he trained as lethal attack dogs.  Specifically, he trained them to attack strangers at night because he often sold or leased the dogs to business and factory owners who wanted to use the dogs to protect their properties from intruders at night.  One evening, the breeder was training three of his dogs in his backyard, which was enclosed with a chain-link fence and a latched gate that prevented the dogs from running out.  After the training session, the breeder opened the gate and allowed the dogs to run loose in his front yard.  Minutes later, a man came walking past the front yard and was immediately attacked by one of the dogs.  The dog, in attacking the man, did as it was trained to do; it pounced on him and bit sharply into his neck, which severed the man’s carotid artery.  The man bled to death within a minute. Carl is arrested and tried in an MPC jurisdiction.  Carl should be found guilty of: